Wicked Is a Special Kind of Problem: What It Is and What to Do about It

By: Lisa Beutler

March 15, 2021

This paper delves into the concept of 'wicked problems,' initially defined by Horst Rittel as complex social issues with no definitive solutions. Drawing parallels with Russell Ackoff's idea of 'messes,' the paper argues that these problems, characterized by their interconnectedness, ambiguity, and human involvement, necessitate a shift from traditional problem-solving approaches to a more holistic, systems-thinking perspective. This highlights the complexity and depth of the issue.
Rittel's 10-point checklist offers a framework for identifying wicked problems, while Ackoff underscores the limitations of traditional operations research in addressing such complex situations. He argues that mess behavior is emergent and heavily reliant on the interactions between its components. This necessitates focusing on system-wide management and continuous adaptation, highlighting the problem's dynamic nature. The paper underscores the inadequacy of traditional, mechanistic approaches to water management, which frequently overlook the intricacy and interdependence of social and ecological systems. It emphasizes the imperative of a comprehensive and participatory approach that considers all stakeholders' values and perspectives, thereby highlighting the urgency and importance of the issue.

Wicked Is a Special Kind of Problem: What It Is and What to Do About It